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Phunziro 3

Chancery Italic

M'phunziro ili tiona kalembedwe ka pamanja kamene anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito mpaka m'ma 1700, pamene kanalowedwa m'malo ndi kulemba kolumikizana. Kalembedwe kameneka kamatchedwa Chancery, kapena Chancery Italic. Pano ndikukalemba mosavuta kwambiri, chifukwa phunziroli ndi la ophunzira amene akuphunzira kulemba.

Ndimakonda kalembedwe kameneka chifukwa kali ndi mawonekedwe ambiri olimba kwambiri, osapindikapindika. Mwachitsanzo, chilembo a: timapita mopingasa, timatsika, timapanga ngodya, timakwera, kenako timatsika ndi kukweranso. Zimenezi ndi zosavuta kwambiri kwa wophunzira kusiyana ndi kulamulira mawonekedwe a c, amene kwenikweni ndi ovuta ndithu.

Choncho m'kalembedwe ka Chancery zilembo zimapangidwa ndi mizere yokhota yochepa kwambiri. Alifabeti yolendewera pamzere ukuidziwa kale kuchokera m'Phunziro 2. Chancery Italic ndi maganizo omwewo, koma imalembedwa mokongola pang'ono, ndi zongo zing'onozing'ono pomaliza mizere. Onetsetsa kuti pamwamba pa zilembo zako zing'onozing'ono pafanane, zilembozo zikulendewera pamzere, monga unachitira m'Phunziro 2.

Onera phunziro ili pavidiyo (m'Chingerezi): Chancery Italic, kalembedwe kosavuta

Chancery Italic (1966), fonti ya zilembo zachitsulo yopangidwa ndi Paul Hayden Duensing (1928–2006), wa The Private Press and Type Foundry, Vicksburg, Michigan: zilembo zing'onozing'ono, chizindikiro &, zizindikiro zopumira, ndi manambala.

Chilembo a

Chilembo a cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo a, m'kalembedwe ka Chancery Italic koyambira. Pa chilembo ichi, zilembo zathu timazipachikanso pamzere.

  1. Timakoka mzere wopingasa pamwamba, monga m'maphunziro oyamba aja, kenako timatsika. Kusiyana kwake ndi kwakuti pansi penipeni, timapanga chongo chaching'ono kwambiri.
  2. Kenako mawonekedwe ena, mawonekedwe achiwiri, mzere wolumikiza, wopindika pang'ono ngati bulaketi, ndipo timamaliza ndi chongo chokwera m'mwamba.

Chinsinsi apa ndi chakuti chongo chokweracho uyenera kuchipanga mofulumira pang'ono, ndipo chilembocho chimakhala chokongola pang'ono. Chinsinsi chake ndi chimenecho.

Chilembo b

Chilembo b cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo b. Pali kusiyana pang'ono ndi momwe tinapangira chilembochi nthawi yoyamba imene tinachiphunzira.

  1. Tikamatsika ndi mzere wotsika, timaukhotetsa pang'ono pamwamba. Kukhota kumeneku kukhoza kukhala kochepa, kapena ukhoza kukukulitsa ngati ukufuna. Kenako mzere umatsika wowongoka.
  2. Kenako sitijambula mzere wopingasa monga tinachitira nthawi yoyamba ija. M'malo mwake, pang'ono pansi pa chingwe choyanikapo zovala, timakwera mopendeka, kenako timatsika ngati kuti tikupanga chilembo j, ndipo timabweretsa mzerewo mkati ndi kukhudza pansi pa mzere wotsika uja.

Ndipo umu ndi momwe timapezera chilembo chathu b.

Chilembo c

Chilembo c cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo c pano chili pafupifupi chofanana ndi chilembo c chimene tinaphunzira nthawi yoyamba.

  1. Timayambira pamzere kuchokera kumanja, timajambula mzere wopingasa, kenako timatsikira pansi, ndipo pansi pake timapanga chongo chokwera m'mwamba.

Ndipo umu ndi momwe timapezera chilembo chathu c.

Chongo cha pansi chikhoza kukhala chachifupi, monga ndachitira pano, kapena ukhoza kuchitalikitsa pang'ono kuti chikwere ndi kufika pa kuzama kofanana ndi mzere wopingasa wa pamwamba.

Njira ziwiri zomalizira chilembo c: chongo chachifupi, kapena chongo chachitali

Chilembo d

Chilembo d cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo d pano chikufanana kwambiri ndi chilembo d chimene tinapanga nthawi yoyamba.

  1. Kusiyana kwake ndi kwakuti pamwamba pali mzere wokhota. Kenako timatsika, ndipo tikafika pansi, timapanga chongo chaching'ono kwambiri chopita kutsogolo.
  2. Kenako pamzere, timachoka pa mzere wautali kupita kumanzere, kenako timatsika ndi kupanga j yotembenuzidwa, ndipo timapanga chongo chokwera kuti chikhudze mzere wautali uja.

Tsopano, kukhota kumeneku kukhoza kukhala kwachifupi, monga ndachitira pano, kapena ukhoza kukutalikitsa pang'ono, monga ukuonera m'zitsanzo za kalembedwe ka kalekale zimene tinakusonyeza.

Chilembo e

Chilembo e cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo e m'kalembedwe kameneka chili chimodzimodzi ndi chilembo e cha kalembedwe kam'mbuyomu.

  1. Timajambula mzere wopingasa, kenako timatsika, kenako timakhotetsa ndi kupanga chongo chopita kutsogolo.
  2. Kenako kuchokera pakati, timakwera mopendeka kuti tikhudze kumapeto kwa mzere wopingasa uja pa chingwe choyanikapo zovala.

Ndipo umu ndi momwe timapezera chilembo chathu e.

Chilembo f

Chilembo f cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo f. Timayambira m'mwamba ndithu pamwamba pa mzere, ndipo timatsikira pansi kwambiri pansi pa mzere. Choncho tabweranso ku roketi ndi sitima yoyenda pansi pa madzi. Ndipo ndi chokhota. Choncho chili ngati chilembo s chachitali kwambiri chokhota.

  1. Kamzere kokhota kakang'ono pamwamba, kenako timadumphira pansi, kenako timakhotetsa mokongola pansi.
  2. Kenako timachidutsa ndi mzere wopingasa pamzere.

Chilembo g

Chilembo g cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo g. Chikuoneka chovuta pang'ono, koma sichovuta.

  1. Choncho timayambira pamzere, timajambula mzere wopingasa, kenako timatsika ngati kuti tikupanga chilembo j. Choncho chimatsikira pansi kwambiri, sitima yoyenda pansi pa madzi, kenako timapitiriza kukhotera mkati, ndipo timakhota mpaka kubwerera, ndi kukhudza mzere pamalo pamene padzakhale pansi pa chilembo a.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu, ndi kupita kumapeto, ndipo timatsika ndi kupanga chongo chopita mkati, monga timachitira popanga chilembo a.

Chilembo h

Chilembo h cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo h. Ndi chosiyana pang'ono ndi h imene tinapanga nthawi yoyamba, koma chili ngati b imene tangopanga kumene.

  1. Choncho timayamba ndi mzere wathu wokhota pamwamba, kenako timaubweretsa mozungulira ndi kutsika mowongoka. Kumbukira, gawoli lili m'mwamba ndithu pamwamba pa mzere, osachepera kutalika kwa chilembo chimodzi pamwamba pa mzere, mwina kuposa pamenepo. Kukhota kopita kutsogolo kukhoza kukhala kochepa kapena kokulirapo. Ukhoza kuyang'ana chitsanzo cha kalekale.
  2. Kenako pang'ono pansi pa mzere, timayamba mzere wathu wachiwiri, wokwera mopendeka, kenako timapanga kawonekedwe ka j kakang'ono, kamene kamatsika ndipo sikakhudza mzere woyimirira. Choncho kali ngati bulaketi yaing'ono, koma sikakhudza.

Pansi pali mpata wabwino. Pakanakhala kuti palibe mpata pansi, chikanakhala b, ndipo zimenezo zikanakhala zoipa.

Cholondola ndi cholakwika: h imasiya mpata wabwino pansi; popanda mpata ikanakhala b

Chilembo i

Chilembo i cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo i mu alifabeti iyi chili ndi zokongoletsa pang'ono kuposa chilembo i chimene tinapanga m'kalembedwe koyambira.

  1. Pali chongo chaching'ono kwambiri chokwera kufika pamzere, kenako timatsika, ndipo pansi pali chongo chaching'ono cholozera kunja. Koma mzere wa chilembo i uyenera kukhala wowongoka.
  2. Kenako timaika kadontho, kapena kamzere kakang'ono pamwamba, monga kale.

Ngati chilembo i sichili chowongoka, ukhoza, ngati ukulemba ndi kuwerenga mofulumira, kuganiza kuti ndi c. Choncho kumbukira kuti chilembo i chiyenera kukhala chowongoka.

Chilembo j

Chilembo j cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo j, chimene ndi chilembo i chachitali.

  1. Ndipo monga chilembo i chimene tangopanga kumene, chimayamba ndi chongo chaching'ono chokwera kufika pamzere. Kenako timatsika mowongoka, ndipo timapitiriza kutsika ngati sitima yoyenda pansi pa madzi. Ndipo pansi, timachipatsa mzere wokhota wokongola.
  2. Ndipo pamwamba, timaika kadontho kapena kamzere kakang'ono.

Chilembo k

Chilembo k cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo k.

  1. Monganso kale, chili ndi mzere wokhota pamwamba, chokongoletsera chaching'ono, kenako chimatsika ndi kuima.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu, ndi kupita pamalo pamene chimadutsa mzere. Timapita mopingasa, kenako timatsika ndi kukhudza mzere woyimirira. Kenako timapanga kamzere kakang'ono kokhota kuti tipange gawo la pansi la k.

Ndipo kamzere kokhota kameneko kakhoza kupindika mozungulira pang'ono ngati ukufuna. Ndipo kamzere kopindika ka pamwamba, kamene kamapindikira kutsogolo, nako kakhoza kupindika kwambiri ngati ukufuna. Yang'ana chitsanzo cha kalekale.

Chilembo l

Chilembo l cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo l kwenikweni chikuoneka chimodzimodzi ndi mzere woyamba umene tinakoka pa chilembo k.

  1. Choncho tili ndi mzere wokhota, ndipo timatsika mowongoka, ndipo pansi, chongo chaching'ono chopita kutsogolo.

Ndi zokhazo basi. Chilembo k chilibe chongo chaching'ono chopita kutsogolo pansi pa mzere wake woyimirira.

Chilembo m

Chilembo m cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo m.

  1. Choncho timayamba ngati kuti tikupanga chilembo i, chongo chaching'ono chokwera kufika pamzere, kenako timatsika mowongoka.
  2. Kenako pang'ono pansi pa mzere, timakwera mopendeka, kenako timatsika ndi mzere wokhota pang'ono, mzere wobwerera m'mbuyo,
  3. ndipo timabwereza kachiwiri, kukweza cholembera chathu m'mwamba, mpaka pamzere, ndi mzere wokhota pang'ono, mzere wobwerera m'mbuyo.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo chathu m.

Choncho izi zili ngati mabulaketi awiri, ndikuganiza, kapena zizindikiro ziwiri za ( ), zimene umagwiritsa ntchito m'masamu.

Chilembo n

Chilembo n cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo n timachipanga mwa

  1. kukoka chongo chokwera kufika pamzere, ndi kutsika mowongoka,
  2. kenako pang'ono pansi pa mzere, timakwera mopendeka, kenako timapanga mzere wathu wokhota wotsika, kapena kuti mawonekedwe athu a bulaketi otsika, kamzere kokhota kakang'ono.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo n.

Chilembo o

Chilembo o cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo o. Ili ndi phunziro lofanana ndi limene tinali nalo m'maphunziro apitawo.

  1. Choncho ukhoza kuchipanga popanga mizere iwiri yokhota yokhudzana,
  2. mabulaketi awiri okhudzana.

Ndipo chilembo o sichozungulira ngati bwalo, koma n'chotalikirapo pang'ono ndi chopyapyala. Kapena ukhoza kuchijambula pamanja ngati dzira pang'ono. Ndipo chikhoza kupendeka pang'ono m'mbali, monga momwe ndachilembera pano, kapena ukhoza kuchipanga choyimirira chilili. Kusankha ndi kwako.

Njira zopangira chilembo o cha Chancery: mabulaketi awiri okhudzana, kapena pokoka kamodzi ngati dzira pang'ono, chopendeka kapena choyimirira chilili

Chilembo p

Chilembo p cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo p pano chimayambira pang'ono pamwamba pa mzere, ndi mzere wokhota wopita kutsogolo. Choncho timakhotetsa cham'mbuyo tikamachilemba, chifukwa timayambira pamwamba.

  1. Kenako timatsika molunjika pansi. Ndipo pansi pake timakhotetsa kupita kumbali.
  2. Kenako pang'ono pansi pa mzere, pokoka kachiwiri, timakwera mopendeka, ndipo kenako timapanga kawonekedwe kakang'ono ka j kotembenuzidwa mpaka kakhudze mzere woyimirira chilili.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo chathu p.

Chilembo q

Chilembo q cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo q pano n'chofanana ndi chilembo q cha m'phunziro lathu loyamba, kupatula kuti pansi pake, kamzere kakang'ono kofulumira kopita kumbali ndi kokongoletsedwa pang'ono, kapena kokhota pang'ono, koma kupanda apo n'chofanana.

  1. Choncho timapita mopingasa, kenako timatsika pansi, ndipo kenako timakhotetsa kupita kumbali pang'ono pansi pake,
  2. kenako timakoka kachiwiri ndipo timapanga kawonekedwe kakang'ono ka j mkati, monga momwe timachitira tikamalemba chilembo a.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo chathu q.

Chilembo r

Chilembo r cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo r chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chilembo i, chilembo i chimene taphunzira m'phunziro ili.

  1. Choncho timakoka chongo chaching'ono chokwera mpaka pamzere, timatsika molunjika pansi, ndipo kenako chongo chaching'ono chopita kumbali pansi pake.
  2. Kenako timakoka mzere wokhota wokwera m'mwamba. Umakhudza chingwe choyanikapo zovala ndipo kenako umatsika pang'ono.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo r.

Chilembo s

Chilembo s cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Nachi chilembo s. N'chofanana ndi chilembo s cha m'phunziro loyamba. Choncho chili ndi kaumbidwe kokongola kokhotakhota.

  1. Pamwamba penipeni pake pamakhudza mzere, ndipo timachikhotetsa mozungulira.

Ona kuti mzere wokhota wapamwamba ndi waung'ono pang'ono kuposa mzere wokhota wapansi. Choncho uchiganizire ngati mutu waung'ono ndi mimba yaikulu.

Chilembo t

Chilembo t cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo t chaching'ono, ndipo tikumbukire machenjezo athu anthawi zonse. Chilembo ichi n'chachitali kuposa momwe ukuganizira.

  1. Choncho timayambira pamwamba pa mzere ndithu, koma osati kwambiri ngati l, ndithudi. Timatsika molunjika pansi, ndipo kenako timakoka chongo chopita kumbali pansi pake,
  2. kenako timachidutsa ndi mzere wopingasa pamzere.
Cholondola ndi cholakwika: chilembo t chimakwera pamwamba ndithu pa mzere wake wopingasa; popanda zimenezo, ukawerenga mofulumira, chimaoneka ngati c

Chilembo u

Chilembo u cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo u pano chimapangidwa mofanana ndi m'phunziro loyamba.

  1. Choncho timayamba ndi mzere wa kumanja. Timatsika pansi, ndipo kenako timakoka kamzere kakang'ono kofulumira kupita kutsogolo.
  2. Kenako timabwerera ndipo timakoka mzere wachiwiri. Uli ndi chongo chaching'ono chokwera mpaka pamzere, umatsika molunjika pansi, ndipo kenako timaukhotetsa m'mwamba ndi chongo mpaka ukhudze mzere woyamba.

Ndipo zimenezo zimatipatsa chilembo chathu u.

Chilembo v

Chilembo v cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chathu v pano chili pafupifupi chofanana ndi v ya m'phunziro loyamba, koma n'chokongoletsedwa pang'ono.

  1. Pali chongo chaching'ono chokwera mpaka pamzere, kenako timapanga kaumbidwe kathu kanthawi zonse ka v, ndipo kenako chongo chaching'ono kumapeto.

Zongo zonse ziwirizi zili penipeni pa chingwe choyanikapo zovala.

Chilembo w

Chilembo w cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo chathu w, ndipo ndi chilembo w tingasankhe kudutsanitsa mizere iwiri pakati kapena ayi.

  1. Choncho timayamba, chongo chaching'ono chokwera mpaka pamzere, ndipo timapanga v yathu.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu, ndipo timapanga v yathu yachiwiri, kutsika molunjika pansi ndi kukwera, ndi chongo chopita kumbali. Ndipo pakati pali podutsana pang'ono.

Kapena ukhoza kuchilemba pokoka kamodzi: chongo chaching'ono chokwera mpaka pamzere, v, kutsika molunjika pansi kupita ku v yachiwiri, ndipo kenako chongo chopita kumbali, popanda podutsana, osakweza cholembera chako.

Njira ziwiri zopangira chilembo w cha Chancery: pokoka kawiri, mizere ikudutsana pakati, kapena pokoka kamodzi popanda podutsana

Choncho ngati tili ndi podutsana, uyenera kukweza cholembera chako. Kapena ngati sukweza cholembera chako, timangokhala ndi mzere wowongoka wokhala ndi chongo chaching'ono kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto.

Chilembo x

Chilembo x cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Pano tili ndi chilembo chathu x.

  1. Timakhotetsa m'mwamba pang'ono mpaka pamzere, ndipo kenako timatsika mopendeka, ndipo kenako timakhotetsa kupita kumbali pansi pake. Uku ndi kutalika kwa chilembo a.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu, ndipo pamwamba pa mapeto apansi a mzere wa kumanja, timayamba mzere wathu wotsika, ndipo timapita cham'mbuyo. Timakhotetsa m'mwamba mpaka pamzere, ndipo kenako timatsika, ndipo kenako timakhotetsa kupita kumbali.

Ndipo mzere uwu ukhoza kukhala wautali kuposa mzere woyamba, koma kusankha ndi kwako.

Chilembo y

Chilembo y cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo y chimapangidwa kuchokera ku kawonekedwe ka j.

  1. Choncho timakoka chongo chokwera pang'ono kwambiri mpaka pamzere. Timatsika molunjika pansi ndipo timapanga mzere wokhota wokongola pansi pake. Kumbukira, iyi ndi sitima yoyenda pansi pa madzi. Timatsika pansi kwambiri.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu. Timabwerera kumzere. Timakoka chongo chokwera, timatsika mpaka kuzama kwa chilembo a, ndipo kenako timakoka kamzere kakang'ono kofulumira kulowa mkati kuti kakhudze kawonekedwe ka j.

Ndipo tili ndi chilembo chathu y.

Chilembo z

Chilembo z cha Chancery Italic, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatizana, komanso mndandanda wolembapo pamwamba pa timadontho

Ndipo pomaliza, tafika pa z: "zed", kapena "zee", kutengera komwe ukuchokera.

  1. Choncho chimene timachita ndi kukoka kamzere kakang'ono kofulumira kokwera pang'ono, kenako timakoka mzere wathu wopingasa, kenako timatsika mopendeka, mzere wopingasa pansi, ndipo kenako timakoka kamzere kakang'ono kofulumira kokwera pang'ono kwambiri.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo chathu z.

Chitsanzo cha m'mbiri: Mwana wamkazi wa mfumu Elizabeth

Kalembedwe ka pamanja ka Mwana wamkazi wa mfumu Elizabeth, mwana wa Mfumu Henry VIII, ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu mu 1548: kalata yake yochokera ku Cheshunt yopita kwa Mfumukazi yamasiye Katherine (Katherine Parr). The National Archives, Kew.

Kalembedwe ka pamanja ka Mwana wamkazi wa mfumu Elizabeth, mwana wa Mfumu Henry VIII, ali ndi zaka 15, mu 1548. Monga ukuonera, maonekedwe ambiri a zilembo amene taphunzira pano m'buku lino ndi ofanana.

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Kuphunzira Kulemba — Gawo Loyamba: Kalembedwe ka Italiki Kosavuta · Evan Millner · Published by Abecedaria Press