Universitas Scholarium — A Community of Scholars Log In

Abecedaria Press · Ukufunda Ukubhala

Isifundo 3

Chancery Italic

Esifundweni lesi sikhangela uhlobo lombhalo wesandla owasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba ngeminyaka yabo-1700, ngesikhathi lapho owathathelwa khona indawo ngukubhala okuhlanganisiweyo. Ubizwa ngokuthi yiChancery, kumbe iChancery Italic. Lapha ngiwubhala ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kwenzelwe abafundi abasafunda ukubhala.

Isizatho esenza ngiwuthande umbhalo lo yikuthi ugcwele izimo eziqinileyo kakhulu, ezingagobi. Khangela uhlamvu a: sidweba umugqa olele, sehle phansi, senze i-engeli, sikhuphuke, besesisehla njalo sikhuphuke. Lokho kulula kakhulu kumfundi kulokulawula isimo sika-c, okuyinto enzima sibili.

Ngakho kuChancery izinhlamvu zenziwa ngamajika amalutshwana kakhulu. I-alfabhethi elengayo usuyayazi kusukela eSifundweni 2. IChancery Italic ilomqondo ofanayo, kodwa ibhalwa ngobuciko obungaphezulu kancane, lemidwebo emincane ephangisayo ekucineni kwemidwebo. Gcina ingxenye ephezulu yezinhlamvu zakho ezincane isezingeni elilodwa, izinhlamvu zilenga emugqeni, njengalokho owakwenzayo eSifundweni 2.

Khangela isifundo lesi kuvidiyo (ngesiNgisi): iChancery Italic, eyenziwe lula

IChancery Italic (1966), ifonti yezinhlamvu zensimbi eyenziwa ngu-Paul Hayden Duensing (1928–2006), we-The Private Press and Type Foundry, eVicksburg, eMichigan: izinhlamvu ezincane, uphawu &, izimpawu zokuloba lezinombolo.

Uhlamvu a

Uhlamvu a lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu a, iChancery Italic elula. Lakulolu hlamvu silengisa izinhlamvu zethu emugqeni.

  1. Phezulu sidweba umugqa olele, njengalokhu senza ezifundweni zokuqala, besesisehla phansi. Umehluko yikuthi phansi khona lapho, senza umdwebo omncane nje ophangisayo.
  2. Emva kwalokho isimo, isimo sesibili, isimo esihlanganisayo, esigobe kancane, njengebakaki, besesisenza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo siye phezulu.

Iqhinga lapha yikuthi umdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphukayo kumele wenziwe ngokuphangisa kancane, ukuze uhlamvu lube lobuhle obuthile. Yilelo iqhinga.

Uhlamvu b

Uhlamvu b lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Lapha silohlamvu b. Kulomehluko omncane endleleni olwabunjwa ngayo ngesikhathi sokuqala silufunda.

  1. Nxa sehla ngomdwebo owehlayo, siwugobisa kancane phezulu. Ijika leli lingaba lincane, kumbe ungalenza libe likhulu kakhulu nxa ufuna. Besewehla uqondile.
  2. Emva kwalokho, kasidwebi umugqa olele njengalokhu senza ngesikhathi sokuqala, kodwa ngaphansi kancane kwentambo yokwanekela izigqoko, sikhuphuka sitshekile, besesisehla kungathi senza uhlamvu j, siwubuyisela phakathi uthinte phansi komdwebo owehlayo.

Njalo lokho kusipha uhlamvu lwethu b.

Uhlamvu c

Uhlamvu c lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu c lapha phose lufanana lohlamvu c esalufunda ngesikhathi sokuqala.

  1. Siqala emugqeni ngakwesokudla, sidwebe umugqa olele, besesisehla phansi, njalo phansi senze umdwebo omncane ophangisayo siye phezulu.

Njalo lokho kusipha uhlamvu lwethu c.

Umdwebo omncane ophangisayo ongaphansi ungaba mfitshane, njengalokhu engiwenze lapha, kumbe ungawenza ube mude kancane ukuze ukhuphuke, ulingane ngobude lomugqa olele ophezulu.

Izindlela ezimbili zokuqedela uhlamvu c: umdwebo omncane ophangisayo omfitshane, kumbe omude kancane

Uhlamvu d

Uhlamvu d lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu d lapha lufanana kakhulu lohlamvu d esalwenza ngesikhathi sokuqala.

  1. Umehluko yikuthi phezulu kulejika. Besesisehla, kuthi nxa sifika phansi, senze umdwebo omncane kakhulu ophangisayo uye phambili.
  2. Besekuthi emugqeni, sisuke emugqeni omude siye ngakwesinxele, besesisehla senze u-j ophendukele emuva, besesisenza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo siye phezulu ukuze uthinte umugqa omude.

Khathesi, ijika leli lingaba lifitshane, njengalokhu engilenze lapha, kumbe ungalenza libe lide kancane, njengalokhu ungabona ezibonelweni esakutshengisa zona zombhalo wakudala.

Uhlamvu e

Uhlamvu e lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu e kumbhalo lo luyafana lohlamvu e lombhalo wangaphambilini.

  1. Senza umugqa olele, besesisehla, besesigobisa senze umdwebo omncane ophangisayo uye phambili.
  2. Besekuthi kusukela phakathi, sikhuphuka sitshekile size sithinte ukucina komugqa olele osentanjeni yokwanekela izigqoko.

Njalo lokho kusipha uhlamvu lwethu e.

Uhlamvu f

Uhlamvu f lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Lapha silohlamvu f. Siqala phezulu impela ngaphezu komugqa njalo sehlela phansi impela ngaphansi komugqa. Ngakho sesibuyela njalo kumarokhethi lemikhumbi ehamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Njalo lugobile. Ngakho lufana lo-s omude kakhulu ogobileyo.

  1. Ijika elincane phezulu, besesitshona sehlela phansi ngamandla, besesigobisa ngobuhle phansi.
  2. Besesilunqamula ngomugqa onqamulayo emugqeni.

Uhlamvu g

Uhlamvu g lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Lapha silohlamvu g. Lukhangeleka lunzima kancane, kodwa kalunzima.

  1. Ngakho siqala emugqeni, senze umugqa olele, besesisehla kanye kungathi senza uhlamvu j. Ngakho wehlela phansi kakhulu, njengomkhumbi ohamba ngaphansi kwamanzi, besesiqhubeka sigobisela phakathi, sigobise size sibuyele emuva, njalo sithinte umugqa endaweni lapho ingxenye engaphansi yohlamvu a ezakuba khona.
  2. Besesiphakamisa ipeni lethu, siye ekucineni, besesisehla senze umdwebo omncane ophangisayo uye phakathi, kanye njengalokhu senza nxa sibhala uhlamvu a.

Uhlamvu h

Uhlamvu h lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Lapha silohlamvu h. Lwehlukile kancane kohlamvu h esalwenza ngesikhathi sokuqala, kodwa lufana lohlamvu b esisanda kulwenza.

  1. Ngakho siqala ngejika lethu phezulu, besesiligobisa sehle siqondile. Khumbula, lokhu kuphezulu impela ngaphezu komugqa, okungenani ubude bohlamvu olulodwa ngaphezu komugqa, kumbe ngaphezulu kwalokho. Ijika eliya phambili lingaba lincane kumbe likhudlwana. Ungakhangela isibonelo sombhalo wakudala.
  2. Emva kwalokho ngaphansi kancane komugqa, siqala umdwebo wethu wesibili, sikhuphuka sitshekile, besesisenza isimo esincane sika-j, esehlayo singathinti umugqa omileyo mpo. Ngakho sifana lebakaki elincane, kodwa kasithinti.

Kulesikhala esihle phansi. Nxa bekungelasikhala phansi, bekuzakuba ngu-b, njalo lokho bekuzakuba kubi.

Okulungileyo lokungalunganga: uhlamvu h lugcina isikhala esihle phansi; nxa kungelasikhala lungaba ngu-b

Uhlamvu i

Uhlamvu i lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu i ku-alfabhethi le lulomhlobiso omnengi kancane kulohlamvu i esalwenza ngendlela elula.

  1. Kulomdwebo omncane kakhulu ophangisayo oya phezulu emugqeni, besesisehla, njalo phansi kulomdwebo omncane ophangisayo ophumela phambili. Kodwa umugqa wohlamvu i kumele uqonde.
  2. Besesilubekela ichatshazi, kumbe sibeke umugqana omfitshane phezulu, njengakuqala.

Nxa uhlamvu i lungaqondanga, nxa ubhala njalo ubala ngokuphangisa, ungacabanga ukuthi ngu-c. Ngakho khumbula ukuthi uhlamvu i kumele luqonde.

Uhlamvu j

Uhlamvu j lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Lapha silohlamvu j, oluluhlamvu i olude.

  1. Njalo njengohlamvu i esisanda kulwenza, luqala ngomdwebo omncane ophangisayo oya phezulu emugqeni. Besesisehla siqondile, siqhubeke sisehla njengomkhumbi ohamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Njalo phansi, silupha ijika elihle.
  2. Njalo phezulu, kumbe silubekela ichatshazi kumbe sibeka umugqana omfitshane.

Uhlamvu k

Uhlamvu k lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Lapha silohlamvu k.

  1. Njengakuqala, lulejika phezulu, umhlobiso omncane, besesisehla sime.
  2. Besesiphakamisa ipeni lethu, siye endaweni lapho olunqamula khona umugqa. Sidweba umugqa olele, besesisehla sithinte umugqa omileyo mpo. Besesidweba umugqa omncane ogobileyo wengxenye engaphansi ka-k.

Umugqa lowo omncane ogobileyo ungajikeleza kancane nxa ufuna. Lejikana eliphezulu, eligoqekela phambili, lalo lingagoqeka ngaphezulu kancane nxa ufuna. Khangela isibonelo sombhalo wakudala.

Uhlamvu l

Uhlamvu l lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu l lukhangeleka lufana sibili lomdwebo wokuqala esawenza kohlamvu k.

  1. Ngakho silejika, besesisehla siqondile, njalo phansi, umdwebo omncane ophangisayo oya phambili.

Yikho kuphela lokho. Uhlamvu k kalulawo umdwebo omncane ophangisayo oya phambili phansi komdwebo walo omileyo mpo.

Uhlamvu m

Uhlamvu m lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Lapha silohlamvu m.

  1. Ngakho siqala kungathi senza uhlamvu i, umdwebo omncane ophangisayo oya phezulu emugqeni, besesisehla siqondile.
  2. Emva kwalokho ngaphansi kancane komugqa, sikhuphuka sitshekile, besekulandela ijika elincane elehlayo, umdwebo oya emuva,
  3. besesiphinda njalo okwesibili, siphakamisa ipeni lethu siye phezulu, phezulu emugqeni, lejika elincane, umdwebo oya emuva.

Njalo yilolo uhlamvu lwethu m.

Ngakho lokhu kufana lamabakaki amabili, ngiyacabanga, kumbe amabakaki amabili agobileyo, lawo owasebenzisayo ezibalweni.

Uhlamvu n

Uhlamvu n lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu n lwenziwa ngokuthi

  1. senze umdwebo omncane ophangisayo siye phezulu emugqeni, besesisehla siqondile,
  2. besekuthi ngaphansi kancane komugqa, sikhuphuke sitshekile, besesisenza umugqa wethu ogobileyo owehlayo, kumbe isimo sethu sebakaki esehlayo, ijika elincane.

Njalo yilolo uhlamvu n.

Uhlamvu o

Uhlamvu o lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Nalu uhlamvu o. Lesi yisifundo esifana lesasenza ezifundweni zangaphambili.

  1. Ngakho ungalwenza ngokwenza amabakaki amabili agobileyo athintanayo,
  2. amabakaki amabili athintanayo.

Njalo uhlamvu o kalusiso isiyingi, kodwa lude kancane, njalo kalubanzi. Kumbe ungaludweba ngesandla lufane kancane leqanda. Njalo lungatsheka kancane ngehlangothi, njengalokhu engilwenze lapha, kumbe ungalwenza lume mpo. Lokho kungokukhetha kwakho.

Izindlela zokwenza uhlamvu o lweChancery: amabakaki amabili athintanayo, kumbe umdwebo owodwa ofana kancane leqanda, otshekileyo kumbe omileyo mpo

Uhlamvu p

Uhlamvu p lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu p lapha luqala kancane ngaphezu komugqa ngejika eliya phambili. Ngakho sigobisela emuva nxa silubhala, ngoba siqala phezulu.

  1. Besesisehla siqonde phansi. Njalo phansi, sigobisa siye eceleni.
  2. Besekuthi kancane ngaphansi komugqa, ngomdwebo wethu wesibili, sikhuphuka sitsheka, besesisenza isimo esincane sohlamvu j esiphendukele emuva, size sithinte umugqa omileyo mpo.

Nalu-ke uhlamvu lwethu p.

Uhlamvu q

Uhlamvu q lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu q lapha luyafana lohlamvu q esifundweni sethu sokuqala, ngaphandle kokuthi phansi, umdwebo omncane ophangisayo ophumela eceleni ulomhlobiso omnengi kancane, kumbe ulejika elikhulu kancane, kodwa okunye konke kuyafana.

  1. Ngakho sidweba umugqa olele, besesisehla, besesigobisa siye eceleni kancane phansi,
  2. besesithatha umdwebo wethu wesibili, senze isimo lesi esincane kakhulu sohlamvu j ngaphakathi, njengokungathi sibhala uhlamvu a.

Nalu-ke uhlamvu lwethu q.

Uhlamvu r

Uhlamvu r lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu r lwenziwa ngohlamvu i, uhlamvu i esilufunde esifundweni lesi.

  1. Ngakho senza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphukela emugqeni, sehle siqonde phansi, besesisenza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo ophumela eceleni phansi.
  2. Besesisenza umugqa ogobileyo okhuphukayo. Uthinta intambo yokwanekela izigqoko, besewehla kancane.

Nalu-ke uhlamvu r.

Uhlamvu s

Uhlamvu s lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Nalu uhlamvu s. Luyafana lohlamvu s esifundweni sokuqala. Ngakho luyisimo esihle esilamajika.

  1. Phezulu kakhulu kwalo kuthinta umugqa, njalo siyalugobisa silujikelezise.

Khangela ukuthi ijika eliphezulu lincane kancane kulijika elingaphansi. Ngakho cabanga ngalo njengekhanda elincane lesisu esikhulu.

Uhlamvu t

Uhlamvu t lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Nalu uhlamvu oluncane t, njalo izixwayiso esezaziwayo ziyasebenza lapha. Uhlamvu lolu lude kakhulu kulokho ocabanga.

  1. Ngakho siqala phezulu impela ngaphezu komugqa, kodwa, kuyacaca, hatshi phezulu njengohlamvu l. Sehla siqonde phansi, besesisenza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo ophumela eceleni phansi,
  2. besesilunqamula ngomugqa onqamulayo emugqeni.
Okulungileyo lokungalunganga: uhlamvu t luphakama kakhulu ngaphezu komugqa walo onqamulayo; nxa lungenjalo, nxa ubala ngokuphangisa, lufana lohlamvu c

Uhlamvu u

Uhlamvu u lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu u lapha lwenziwa ngendlela efana leyesifundweni sokuqala.

  1. Ngakho siqala ngomdwebo ongakwesokudla. Sehla, besesisenza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo oya phambili.
  2. Besesibuyela emuva, sidwebe umdwebo wesibili. Ulomdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphukela emugqeni, wehle uqonde phansi, besesiwugobisela phezulu ngejikana, senze umdwebo omncane ophangisayo, uze uthinte umugqa wokuqala.

Njalo lokho kusipha uhlamvu lwethu u.

Uhlamvu v

Uhlamvu v lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu lwethu v lapha phose luyafana lohlamvu v lwesifundo sokuqala, kodwa lulomhlobiso omnengi kancane.

  1. Kulomdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphukela emugqeni, besesisenza isimo sethu esivamileyo sohlamvu v, besekuba lomdwebo omncane ophangisayo ekucineni.

Yomibili imidwebo le emincane ephangisayo isentanjeni yokwanekela izigqoko khona kanye.

Uhlamvu w

Uhlamvu w lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Nalu uhlamvu lwethu w, njalo ku-w silokukhetha: singayiphambanisa imigqa emibili phakathi, kumbe singayiphambanisi.

  1. Ngakho siyaqala: umdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphukela emugqeni, besesisenza uhlamvu lwethu v.
  2. Besesiphakamisa ipeni lethu, senze uhlamvu lwethu v lwesibili, sehle siqonde phansi, sikhuphuke, senze umdwebo omncane ophangisayo ophumela eceleni. Njalo imigqa iyaphambana kancane phakathi.

Kumbe ungalwenza ngomdwebo owodwa: umdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphukela emugqeni, uhlamvu v, wehle uqonde phansi uye kuhlamvu v lwesibili, besewenza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo ophumela eceleni, imigqa ingaphambani, ungaphakamisi ipeni lakho.

Izindlela ezimbili zokwenza uhlamvu w lweChancery: imidwebo emibili ephambana phakathi, kumbe umdwebo owodwa ongaphambani

Ngakho nxa imigqa iphambana, kumele uphakamise ipeni lakho. Kumbe nxa ungaphakamisi ipeni lakho, silomugqa oqondileyo nje olomdwebo omncane ophangisayo emaphethelweni womabili.

Uhlamvu x

Uhlamvu x lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Nalu uhlamvu lwethu x.

  1. Sigobisa sikhuphukela emugqeni kancane, besesisehla sitsheka, besesigobisa siye eceleni phansi. Lobu yibude bohlamvu a.
  2. Besesiphakamisa ipeni lethu, njalo ngaphezu kwengxenye engaphansi yomdwebo ongakwesokudla, siqala umdwebo wethu owehlayo, sihambe siye emuva. Senza ijikana sikhuphukele emugqeni, besesisehla, besesisenza ijikana siye eceleni.

Njalo umugqa lo ungaba mude kulomugqa wokuqala, kodwa lokho kungokukhetha kwakho.

Uhlamvu y

Uhlamvu y lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Uhlamvu y lwenziwa ngesimo sohlamvu j.

  1. Ngakho senza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphukela emugqeni kancane kakhulu. Sehla siqondile, senze ijika elihle phansi. Khumbula, uhlamvu lolu lungumkhumbi ohamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Sehlela phansi kakhulu impela.
  2. Besesiphakamisa ipeni lethu. Sibuyela emugqeni. Senza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphukayo, sehle size silingane lohlamvu a phansi, besesisenza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo ongena ngaphakathi, uthinte isimo sohlamvu j.

Njalo silohlamvu lwethu y.

Uhlamvu z

Uhlamvu z lweChancery Italic, lulenga emugqeni, lemidwebo yalo ngokulandelana kwayo, lohlu lokulandela amachatshazi

Ekucineni, sesifike kuhlamvu z: zed, kumbe zee, kuya ngokuthi uvela ngaphi.

  1. Ngakho esikwenzayo yikuthi senza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphukayo kancane, besesidweba umugqa wethu olele, besesisehla sitsheka, umugqa olele ngaphansi, besesisenza umdwebo omncane ophangisayo okhuphuka kancane kakhulu.

Nalu-ke uhlamvu lwethu z.

Isibonelo Somlando: INkosazana u-Elizabeth

INkosazana u-Elizabeth, indodakazi yeNkosi uHenry VIII, ibhala ileminyaka elitshumi lanhlanu ngo-1548: incwadi yayo ayibhala eseCheshunt iya kuNdlovukazi uKatherine (uKatherine Parr), umfelokazi weNkosi. The National Archives, Kew.

Umbhalo wesandla weNkosazana u-Elizabeth, indodakazi yeNkosi uHenry VIII, ileminyaka engu-15, ngo-1548. Njengalokhu ubona, izimo ezinengi zezinhlamvu esizifundileyo lapha ebhukwini leli ziyafana.

Universitas Scholarium insignia

Ukufunda Ukubhala — Ingxenye Yokuqala: Izinhlamvu Ze-Italic Ezenziwe Lula · Evan Millner · Published by Abecedaria Press